A policy framework for the creative Pattachitra Artisans at the crossroad of financial scarcity and changing trends
Abstract
The present paper introduces the handicraft known as pattachitra art, which personifies Odisha’s culture and spiritual observances. Pattachitra is a renowned traditional painting of Raghurajpur village in Puri, Odisha (formerly Orissa), Eastern India. The study aims to examine the artisan’s financial accessibility and the problems of financial scarcity confronted by them and to understand various approaches made by them to sustain their painting under changing trends. The study is a mixed method approach that includes a personal interview, observations, and rapid rural appraisal. It also includes SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats), and ABC analysis, which helped to prepare a policy framework. Lastly, the paper has documented pictorial facts to show the innovative approaches adapted for sustaining this traditional art.
Article in English.
Kūrybinei pattachitrai taikoma politikos sistema finansinių išteklių trūkumo ir kintančių tendencijų sąlygomis
Santrauka
Šiame straipsnyje pristatomi amatai, žinomi kaip pattachitros menas, personifikuojantis Odišos kultūrą ir dvasinius ritualus. Pattachitra – tai gerai žinoma tradicinės tapybos rūšis, plėtojama Ragurajpuro kaime, Puryje, Odišoje (ankstesnis pavadinimas – Orisa), Rytų Indijoje. Tyrimo tikslas – išnagrinėti amatininkams skiriamą finansinę paramą ir finansinių išteklių trūkumo keliamas problemas, su kuriomis jie susiduria, bei suprasti jų skirtingus požiūrius, siekiant palaikyti šią tapybos rūšį kintančių tendencijų sąlygomis. Tyrimas grindžiamas mišriu metodu, apimančiu asmeninius interviu, stebėjimus ir sparčiai atliktą kaimo vertinimą. Tyrime taip pat taikoma SSGG analizė (stiprybės, silpnybės, galimybės ir grėsmės) ir VGA analizė, kurios padėjo rengiant politikos sistemą. Galiausiai straipsnis grindžiamas iliustruotais faktais, siekiant pademonstruoti inovatyvius požiūrius, pritaikytus šiam tradiciniam menui palaikyti.
Reikšminiai žodžiai: amatininkai, kintančios tendencijos, finansinių išteklių trūkumas, Odiša, pattachitra.
Keyword : artisans, changing trends, financial scarcity, Odisha, pattachitra, creative
How to Cite
Kanungo, P., Sethi, N., & Biswal, P. (2020). A policy framework for the creative Pattachitra Artisans at the crossroad of financial scarcity and changing trends. Creativity Studies, 13(1), 114-135. https://doi.org/10.3846/cs.2020.9923
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
Agasty, M. P., & Senapati, J. (2015). Handicrafts industries in Odisha: problems and prospects. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2(5), 517-521.
Bandara, R. D. S. M. (2009). Landscape as depicted in Srilankan traditional paintings with special reference to Kandyan period paintings (Partial Master Thesis). University of Moratuwa. Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Retrieved from http://dl.lib.mrt.ac.lk/bitstream/handle/123/11139/103413.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Baral, B., & William, A. (2019). Patachitra Painting – Orissa: The Art of Making Picture on Cloth, D’Source. Retrieved from http://dsource.in/sites/default/files/resource/patachitra-painting-orissa/downloads/file/patachitra_painting.pdf
Behrendt, K. (2014). Tibet and India: Buddhist Traditions and Transformations. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 71(3), 1, 4-48.
Beck, Th., & Demirguc-Kunt, A. (2008). Access to finance: an unfinished agenda. The World Bank Economic Review, 22(3), 383-396. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhn021
Chakrabarti, A. K. (2008). The tradition of scroll paintings with a special emphasis on Lord Jagannatha. Orissa Review, November, 13-18.
Das, N. (2013). Patachitra of Orissa: a case study of Raghurajpur village. An Online Journal of Humanities & Social Science, 1(4), 247-251.
Dash, M. (2011). Marketing of Orissa handicrafts: a study on challenges and opportunities. EXCEL: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies, 1(2), 47-63.
Dey Mullick, P., & Das, A. (2014). Puri: an overview on the space, potential and possibilities for social research. Radix International Journal of Research in Social Science, 3(11), 1-7.
dhorissa.nic.in. (2001–2002). Craft-wise Artisans and production. Retrieved from http://dhorissa.nic.in/hc_artsian.htm
dhorissa.nic.in. (2005). Directorate of handicrafts and cottage industries, government of Orissa. Retrieved from http://dhorissa.nic.in/
Gandon, E., Coyle, Th., & Bootsma, R. J. (2014). When handicraft experts face novelty: effects of shape and wheel familiarity on individual and community standardization of ceramic vessels. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 35, 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2014.06.008
Ghosh, A. (2012). Triggering innovation and creativity in traditional handicrafts sectors – an Indian perspective. Management Insight, 8(1), 67-71.
Gosselain, O. P. (2000). Materializing identities: an African perspective. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 7(3), 187-217. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026558503986
Gough, K. V., & Rigg, J. (2012). Reterritorialising rural handicrafts in Thailand and Vietnam: a view from the margins of the miracle. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 44(1), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44175
Grobar, L. M. (2019). Policies to promote employment and preserve cultural heritage in the handicraft sector. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 25(4), 515-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2017.1330887
Kanungo, A. (2013). Unity in diversity: the uniqueness of Jagannath culture of Odisha. Orissa Review, July, 57-66.
Kanungo, G. (1964). Utkal̥ara Citrakal̥ā. Bhubaneswar: Odisha Lalitkala Academy.
Ku, H. (2014). Representations of ownership: the nineteenth-century painted maps of Shatrunjaya, Gujarat. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 37(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2013.852289
Kumar, Ch., & Mishra, S. (2011). Banking outreach and household level access: analysing financial inclusion in India. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/558f/f506e0b4096f87a37d3796a868c34a448735.pdf
Kumar Jena, P. (2010). Indian handicrafts in globalization times: an analysis of global-local dynamics. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 8(2), 119-137.
Kumar Jena, P. (2007). Orissan handicrafts in the age of globalisation: challenges and opportunities. Orissa Review, November, 12-16.
Mehra, A., Mathur, N., & Tripathi, V. (2019). Sahaj crafts: the challenge of alleviating poverty in Western Rajasthan. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 9(1), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/EEMCS-06-2018-0099
Menon, V. (2010). Art of marketing village crafts: challenges in applying quantitative marketing to resist recession. International Review of Business Research Papers, 6(5), 196-205.
Ministry of Textiles. (1989). The report of the task force on “handicrafts” for the eighth five year plan. New Delhi: Government of India.
Mitra, R. (1875). The antiquities of Orissa. Vol. I. Calcutta: C. B. Lewis, at Baptist Mission Press.
Mitra, R. (1880). The antiquities of Orissa. Vol. II. Calcutta: W. Newman & Co.
Mohanty, B. (2011). Pata-paintings of Orissa. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
Mohapatra, T. (2005). Pattachitra – an indigenous technique. Orissa Review, November, 34-36.
Mohapatra, S., & Dash, M. (2011). Problems associated with artisans in making of handicrafts in Orissa, India. Management Review: An International Journal, 6(1), 56-81.
Pandey, S. K. (1993). Indian rock art. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
Pathy, D. (1990). Traditional paintings of Orissa. Bhubaneswar: Working Artists Association of Orissa.
Prajapati, K., & Narayan Biswas, S. (2011). Effect of entrepreneur network and entrepreneur self-efficacy on subjective performance: a study of handicraft and handloom cluster. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 20(2), 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135571102000204
Rangarajan, C. (2009). Reduce economic disparities, improve social indicators. Retrieved from http://inclusion.skoch.in/story/557/reduce--economic-disparities-improve-social-indicators-857.html
Rath, N. (2014). Isolation or integration: the plight of the women craft workers in the era of globalisation. Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences, 19(1), 53-65.
Sarma, M. (2012). Index of financial inclusion – a measure of financial sector inclusiveness. Berlin Working Papers on Money, Finance, Trade and Development. Working Paper No. 07/2012. Berlin: Competence Center “Money, Finance, Trade and Development”.
Sharothi, K. F. A. (2014). National centre for folk arts, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seminar II (Partial Bachelor Thesis). BRAC University. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61804928.pdf
Syed, K., & Abdullah, S. (2015). Chronicling Pakistan’s art movements from traditional to contemporary, 1960–2011. Wacana Seni: Journal of Arts Discourse, 14, 31-58.
Tripathy, M. (1998). Folk art at the crossroads of tradition and modernity: a study of Patta painting in Orissa. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 29(3), 197-211.
Upadhyay, M. N. (1976). Handicrafts of India. Secunderabad: Swarajya Printing Works.
Weise, K. (2012, 27–29 November). Safeguarding traditional painting skills in Nepal. Proceedings of the International Conference “Human Resources Development for the Transmission of Traditional Skills: Building Decoration with a Focus around Painting and Colouring”. International Conference “Human Resources Development for the Transmission of Traditional Skills: Building Decoration with a Focus around Painting and Colouring” (pp. 43-56). Nara, Japan.
Wherry, F. F. (2006). The nation-state, identity management, and indigenous crafts: constructing markets and opportunities in Northwest Costa Rica. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(1), 124-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870500352454
Bandara, R. D. S. M. (2009). Landscape as depicted in Srilankan traditional paintings with special reference to Kandyan period paintings (Partial Master Thesis). University of Moratuwa. Moratuwa, Sri Lanka. Retrieved from http://dl.lib.mrt.ac.lk/bitstream/handle/123/11139/103413.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Baral, B., & William, A. (2019). Patachitra Painting – Orissa: The Art of Making Picture on Cloth, D’Source. Retrieved from http://dsource.in/sites/default/files/resource/patachitra-painting-orissa/downloads/file/patachitra_painting.pdf
Behrendt, K. (2014). Tibet and India: Buddhist Traditions and Transformations. The Metropolitan Museum of Art Bulletin, 71(3), 1, 4-48.
Beck, Th., & Demirguc-Kunt, A. (2008). Access to finance: an unfinished agenda. The World Bank Economic Review, 22(3), 383-396. https://doi.org/10.1093/wber/lhn021
Chakrabarti, A. K. (2008). The tradition of scroll paintings with a special emphasis on Lord Jagannatha. Orissa Review, November, 13-18.
Das, N. (2013). Patachitra of Orissa: a case study of Raghurajpur village. An Online Journal of Humanities & Social Science, 1(4), 247-251.
Dash, M. (2011). Marketing of Orissa handicrafts: a study on challenges and opportunities. EXCEL: International Journal of Multidisciplinary Management Studies, 1(2), 47-63.
Dey Mullick, P., & Das, A. (2014). Puri: an overview on the space, potential and possibilities for social research. Radix International Journal of Research in Social Science, 3(11), 1-7.
dhorissa.nic.in. (2001–2002). Craft-wise Artisans and production. Retrieved from http://dhorissa.nic.in/hc_artsian.htm
dhorissa.nic.in. (2005). Directorate of handicrafts and cottage industries, government of Orissa. Retrieved from http://dhorissa.nic.in/
Gandon, E., Coyle, Th., & Bootsma, R. J. (2014). When handicraft experts face novelty: effects of shape and wheel familiarity on individual and community standardization of ceramic vessels. Journal of Anthropological Archaeology, 35, 289-296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaa.2014.06.008
Ghosh, A. (2012). Triggering innovation and creativity in traditional handicrafts sectors – an Indian perspective. Management Insight, 8(1), 67-71.
Gosselain, O. P. (2000). Materializing identities: an African perspective. Journal of Archaeological Method and Theory, 7(3), 187-217. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1026558503986
Gough, K. V., & Rigg, J. (2012). Reterritorialising rural handicrafts in Thailand and Vietnam: a view from the margins of the miracle. Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space, 44(1), 169-186. https://doi.org/10.1068/a44175
Grobar, L. M. (2019). Policies to promote employment and preserve cultural heritage in the handicraft sector. International Journal of Cultural Policy, 25(4), 515-527. https://doi.org/10.1080/10286632.2017.1330887
Kanungo, A. (2013). Unity in diversity: the uniqueness of Jagannath culture of Odisha. Orissa Review, July, 57-66.
Kanungo, G. (1964). Utkal̥ara Citrakal̥ā. Bhubaneswar: Odisha Lalitkala Academy.
Ku, H. (2014). Representations of ownership: the nineteenth-century painted maps of Shatrunjaya, Gujarat. South Asia: Journal of South Asian Studies, 37(1), 3-21. https://doi.org/10.1080/00856401.2013.852289
Kumar, Ch., & Mishra, S. (2011). Banking outreach and household level access: analysing financial inclusion in India. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/558f/f506e0b4096f87a37d3796a868c34a448735.pdf
Kumar Jena, P. (2010). Indian handicrafts in globalization times: an analysis of global-local dynamics. Interdisciplinary Description of Complex Systems, 8(2), 119-137.
Kumar Jena, P. (2007). Orissan handicrafts in the age of globalisation: challenges and opportunities. Orissa Review, November, 12-16.
Mehra, A., Mathur, N., & Tripathi, V. (2019). Sahaj crafts: the challenge of alleviating poverty in Western Rajasthan. Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies, 9(1), 1-45. https://doi.org/10.1108/EEMCS-06-2018-0099
Menon, V. (2010). Art of marketing village crafts: challenges in applying quantitative marketing to resist recession. International Review of Business Research Papers, 6(5), 196-205.
Ministry of Textiles. (1989). The report of the task force on “handicrafts” for the eighth five year plan. New Delhi: Government of India.
Mitra, R. (1875). The antiquities of Orissa. Vol. I. Calcutta: C. B. Lewis, at Baptist Mission Press.
Mitra, R. (1880). The antiquities of Orissa. Vol. II. Calcutta: W. Newman & Co.
Mohanty, B. (2011). Pata-paintings of Orissa. New Delhi: Publications Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India.
Mohapatra, T. (2005). Pattachitra – an indigenous technique. Orissa Review, November, 34-36.
Mohapatra, S., & Dash, M. (2011). Problems associated with artisans in making of handicrafts in Orissa, India. Management Review: An International Journal, 6(1), 56-81.
Pandey, S. K. (1993). Indian rock art. New Delhi: Aryan Books International.
Pathy, D. (1990). Traditional paintings of Orissa. Bhubaneswar: Working Artists Association of Orissa.
Prajapati, K., & Narayan Biswas, S. (2011). Effect of entrepreneur network and entrepreneur self-efficacy on subjective performance: a study of handicraft and handloom cluster. The Journal of Entrepreneurship, 20(2), 227-247. https://doi.org/10.1177/097135571102000204
Rangarajan, C. (2009). Reduce economic disparities, improve social indicators. Retrieved from http://inclusion.skoch.in/story/557/reduce--economic-disparities-improve-social-indicators-857.html
Rath, N. (2014). Isolation or integration: the plight of the women craft workers in the era of globalisation. Madhya Pradesh Journal of Social Sciences, 19(1), 53-65.
Sarma, M. (2012). Index of financial inclusion – a measure of financial sector inclusiveness. Berlin Working Papers on Money, Finance, Trade and Development. Working Paper No. 07/2012. Berlin: Competence Center “Money, Finance, Trade and Development”.
Sharothi, K. F. A. (2014). National centre for folk arts, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Seminar II (Partial Bachelor Thesis). BRAC University. Dhaka, Bangladesh. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/61804928.pdf
Syed, K., & Abdullah, S. (2015). Chronicling Pakistan’s art movements from traditional to contemporary, 1960–2011. Wacana Seni: Journal of Arts Discourse, 14, 31-58.
Tripathy, M. (1998). Folk art at the crossroads of tradition and modernity: a study of Patta painting in Orissa. Journal of the Anthropological Society of Oxford, 29(3), 197-211.
Upadhyay, M. N. (1976). Handicrafts of India. Secunderabad: Swarajya Printing Works.
Weise, K. (2012, 27–29 November). Safeguarding traditional painting skills in Nepal. Proceedings of the International Conference “Human Resources Development for the Transmission of Traditional Skills: Building Decoration with a Focus around Painting and Colouring”. International Conference “Human Resources Development for the Transmission of Traditional Skills: Building Decoration with a Focus around Painting and Colouring” (pp. 43-56). Nara, Japan.
Wherry, F. F. (2006). The nation-state, identity management, and indigenous crafts: constructing markets and opportunities in Northwest Costa Rica. Ethnic and Racial Studies, 29(1), 124-152. https://doi.org/10.1080/01419870500352454