Assessment of abusive supervision – BOSS methodology
Abstract
Concerning the issue of conceptualization and operationalization of abusive supervision, contemporary studies including the one presented below discuss several issues. The presented paper is aimed at the downward (vertical) form of workplace bullying, described in literature as abusive supervision or bossing, and the form of its assessment within the work environment. Furthermore, a new original methodology designed to measure bossing psychometrically, is proposed and labeled as BOSS. On the basis of the research results, which involved participation of 525 respondents (non-managerial workers; 40% men and 60% women), two factors of the BOSS methodology were extracted and labeled as: Communication-Aimed Bossing and Psyche-Aimed Bossing. Bossing is typically manifested within two distinct areas represented by these extracted factors. The full version of the BOSS methodology is also presented in the paper.
First published online 27 November 2020
Keyword : bullying, mobbing, bossing, abusive supervision, BOSS methodology, manager
How to Cite
Birknerová, Z., Zbihlejová, L., & Droppa, M. (2021). Assessment of abusive supervision – BOSS methodology. Journal of Business Economics and Management, 22(1), 197-216. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2020.13552
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Hoel, H., Rayner, C., & Cooper, C. (1999). Workplace bullying. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 14, 195–230.
Hoel, H., Cooper, C., & Faragher, B. (2001). The experience of bullying in Great Britain: The impact of organizational status. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 443–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000780
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Huberová, B. (1995). Psychický teror na pracovisku [Mental terror in the workplace]. Neografia.
Jenčo, M., Droppa, M., Lysá, Ľ., & Križo, P. (2018). Assessing the quality of employees in terms of their resistance. QUALITY-Access to Success, 19(167), 48–53.
Karabacak Aşır, S., & Akın, G. (2014). İlköğretim okullarındaki yıldırmaya (mobbing) toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında bir bakış. Mobbing in primary schools in the context of gender perspective. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(1), 584–602. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v11i1.2655
Kariková, S., & Šimegová, M. (2005). Bullying, mobbing and bossing as the types of violence in schools. The New Educational Review, 7, 79–95.
Kolář, M. (2005). Bolest šikanování [The pain of bullying]. Portál.
Kratz, H. J. (2005). Mobbing (1st ed.). Management press.
Leymann, H. (1990). Mobbing and psychological terrors at work. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.2.119
Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414853
Lu, L. (2013). Abusive supervision and its organizational performance: a grounded study on the biography of Steve Jobs. Journal of Manangement Case Studies, 5, 20–31.
Mikkelsen, E., & Einarsen, S. (2001). Bullying in Danish work-life: Prevalence and health correlates. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 393 –413. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000816
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Bednař, Z. (2016). Jak vyjít se svým šéfem [How to get along with your boss]. Grada Publishing.
Bellizzi, J. A. (2006). Disciplining top-performing unethicalsalespersons: Examining the moderating effects of ethicalseriousness and consequences. Psychology & Marketing, 23, 181–201. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.20106
Bennett, R. J. (2000). Development of a measure of workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(3), 349–360. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.3.349
Beňo, P. (2003). Můj šéf, můj nepřítel [My boss, my enemy]. Era.
Birknerová, Z., & Frankovský, M. (2017). Nežiaduce formy správania manažérov [Undesirable forms of managerial behavior]. Bookman, Ltd.
Birknerová, Z., Frankovský, M., & Zbihlejová, L. (2015). Emotional and social intelligence. In L. Zysberg & S. Raz (Eds.), Emotional intelligence: Current evidence from psychophysiological, educational and organizational perspectives (pp. 239−254). Nova Science Publishers.
Birknerová, Z., Juhás, J., & Litavcová, E. (2010). Connection between social intelligence, fear and mobbing in school environment. In Sociální procesy a osobnost 2009 (pp. 22–30). PsÚ AV ČR, v.v.i.
Borská, I. (2005). Mobbing a bossing – jak se bránit? [Mobbing and bossing – how to defend yourself]. Personální a sociálně právní kartotéka, 11, 8–10.
Brees, J., Martinko, M., & Harvey, P. (2016). Abusive supervision: Subordinate personality or supervisor behavior? Journal of Managerial Psychology, 31(2), 405–419. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-04-2014-0129
Camps, J., Stouten, J., & Euwema, M. (2016). The relation between supervisors’ Big Five personality traits and employees’ experiences of abusive supervision. Frontiers in Psychology,7, 112. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00112
Davenport, N., Schwartz, R. D., & Elliott, G. P. (1999). Mobbing – emotional abuse in the American workplace. AMES, Civil Society Publishing.
Directive (EU) 2016/680. (2016). Directive (EU) 2016/680 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data by competent authorities for the purposes of the prevention, investigation, detection or prosecution of criminal offences or the execution of criminal penalties, and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Council Framework Decision 2008/977/JHA. https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A32016L0680
Droppa, M., Chocholáková, A., Čarnogurský, K., & Sirotiaková, M. (2018). Assessment of bossing in secondary school environment of the Slovak Republic in category social relations area and area of working life. Human Resources Management & Ergonomics, 12(1), 59–69.
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., & Notelaers, G. (2009). Measuring exposure to bullying and harassment at work: Validity, factor structure and psychometric properties of the Negative Acts Questionnaire – Revised. Work & Stress, 23(1), 24–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/02678370902815673
Einarsen, S., Raknes, B. I., Matthiesen, S. B., & Hellesøy, O. H. (1994). Mobbing og harde personkonflikter: Helsefarlig samspill på arbeidsplassen [Bullying and personified conflicts: Health-endangering interaction at work]. Sigma Forlag.
Einarsen, S., Hoel, H., Zapf, D., & Cooper, C. L. (2011). The concept of bullying and harassment at work: The European tradition. In S. Einarsen, H. Hoel, D. Zapf, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Bullying and harassment in the workplace: Developments in theory, research, and practice (2nd ed., pp. 3–39). Taylor & Francis Group. https://doi.org/10.1201/EBK1439804896-3
Emelander, S. (2011). Managing, leading, and bossing. Defense AT&L, July–August 2011, 76–78.
Frankovský, M., Birknerová, Z., & Droppa, M. (2019a). Methodological study of the selected attributes of the bossing questionnaire. Journal of Management and Business: Research and Practice, 11(1), 28–36.
Frankovský, M., Birknerová, Z., & Droppa, M. (2019b). Assessment of bossing and mobbing manifestations in the context of personality traits of employees. Proceedings from 18th International Conference on Work and Organizational Psychology 2019. Masaryk University, Brno (in press). https://doi.org/10.5817/CZ.MUNI.P210-9488-2019-10
Hafidz, S. M. (2012). Individual differences as antecedents of counterproductive work behaviour. Social Science, 8(3), 220–226. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n13p220
Hamilton, D. I., Ogbuigwe, T., & Gabriel, J. M. O. (2017). Narcissistic bossing and deviant workplace behavior among subordinates in the Nigerian civil service. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 1(9), 735–762.
Hirigoyen, M. F. (2000). Stalking the soul: Emotional abuse and the erosion of identity. Helen Marx Books.
Hoel, H., Rayner, C., & Cooper, C. (1999). Workplace bullying. International Review of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 14, 195–230.
Hoel, H., Cooper, C., & Faragher, B. (2001). The experience of bullying in Great Britain: The impact of organizational status. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 443–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000780
Howladar, M. H. R., Rahman, S., & Uddin, A. (2018). Deviant workplace behavior and job performance: The moderating effect of transformational leadership. Iranian Journal of Management Studies, 11(1), 147–183.
Huberová, B. (1995). Psychický teror na pracovisku [Mental terror in the workplace]. Neografia.
Jenčo, M., Droppa, M., Lysá, Ľ., & Križo, P. (2018). Assessing the quality of employees in terms of their resistance. QUALITY-Access to Success, 19(167), 48–53.
Karabacak Aşır, S., & Akın, G. (2014). İlköğretim okullarındaki yıldırmaya (mobbing) toplumsal cinsiyet bağlamında bir bakış. Mobbing in primary schools in the context of gender perspective. International Journal of Human Sciences, 11(1), 584–602. https://doi.org/10.14687/ijhs.v11i1.2655
Kariková, S., & Šimegová, M. (2005). Bullying, mobbing and bossing as the types of violence in schools. The New Educational Review, 7, 79–95.
Kolář, M. (2005). Bolest šikanování [The pain of bullying]. Portál.
Kratz, H. J. (2005). Mobbing (1st ed.). Management press.
Leymann, H. (1990). Mobbing and psychological terrors at work. Violence and Victims, 5(2), 119–126. https://doi.org/10.1891/0886-6708.5.2.119
Leymann, H. (1996). The content and development of mobbing at work. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 5(2), 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594329608414853
Lu, L. (2013). Abusive supervision and its organizational performance: a grounded study on the biography of Steve Jobs. Journal of Manangement Case Studies, 5, 20–31.
Mikkelsen, E., & Einarsen, S. (2001). Bullying in Danish work-life: Prevalence and health correlates. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 10(4), 393 –413. https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320143000816
Mikušová, M., & Horváthová, P. (2012). Are you prepared for a crisis? Survey in Czech small enterprises. Actual Problems of Economics, 137(11), 403–411.
Morovicsová, E. (2015). Mobbing – jeho vplyv na zdravie a možnosti prevencie [Mobbing – its impact on health and prevention possibilities]. Psychiatria pre prax, 16(3), 111–114.
Nekoranec, J., & Kmošena, M. (2015). Mobbing in the workplace – its manifestations, consequences and possibilities of elimination in the Armed Forces of the Slovak Republic. Revista Academiei Fortelor Terestre, 20(1), 47–54.
Novák, T. (2004). Jak bojovat se stresem [How to fight stress]. Grada Publishing.
Novák, T., & Capponi, V. (1996). Sám proti agresi [Alone against agression]. Grada Publishing.
Oberhofer, P. (2018). Bossing und staffing: Mobbing zwischen Chef und Mitarbeitern. Konfliktmanagement. https://www.jobadu.de/pdfs/01502.pdf
Olšovská, A. (2013). Mobbing a bossing na pracovisku [Mobbing and bossing in the workplace]. Správa z VÚ č. 2162. Institute for Labour and Family Research.
Regulation (EU) 2016/679. (2016). Regulation (EU) 2016/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95/46/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/reg/2016/679/oj
Russo, A., & Popović, T. (2016). Workplace agression: Secondary analysis of Croatian research practice [Agresivnost na radnom mjestu: Sekundarna analiza istraživačke prakse u Hrvatskoj]. Sigurnost: časopis za sigurnost u radnoj i životnoj okolini, 58(2), 121–135. https://doi.org/10.31306/s.58.2.1
Safina, D., & Podgornaya, A. (2014). Mobbing as an organizational phenomenon impeding implementation of changes. Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences, 5(18), 187–192. https://doi.org/10.5901/mjss.2014.v5n18p187
Senol, V., Avsar, E., Peksen Akca, R., Argun, M., Avsarogullari, L., & Kelestimur, F. (2015). Assessment of mobbing behaviors exposed by the academic personnel working in a university, in Turkey. Journal of Psychiatry, 18(1), 212. https://doi.org/10.4172/Psychiatry.1000212
Smith, P. K., Thompson, F., Craig, W., Hong, I., Slee, P., Sullivan, K., & Green, V. A. (2016). Actions to prevent bullying in western countries. In P. K. Smith, K. Kwak, & Y. Toda (Eds.), School bullying in different cultures: Eastern and western perspectives (pp. 301−333). Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139410878.018
Štefko, R., Bačík, R., Fedorko, R., Gavurová, B., Horváth, J., & Propper, M. (2017). Gender differences in the case of work satisfaction and motivation. Polish Journal of Management Studies, 16(1), 215–225. https://doi.org/10.17512/pjms.2017.16.1.18
Svobodová, L. (2007). Bezpečný podnik: Mobbing – nebezpečný fenomén naší doby [A safe company: Mobbing – a dangerous phenomenon of our era]. Výzkumný ústav bezpečnosti práce.
Tepper, B. J. (2000). Consequences of Abusive supervision. The Academy of Management Journal, 43(2), 178–190. https://doi.org/10.2307/1556375
Tomková, A., & Lorincová, T. (2017). Prediction of manipulation as a core part of social intelligence through selected personality traits in the context of business area. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 6(1), 102–108. https://doi.org/10.33844/ijol.2017.60227
Tuzunkan, D. (2018). Mobbing in tourism enterprises: The case of Turkish Riviera. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 13(4), 1813–1819.
Wilson, C. J., & Nagy, M. S. (2017). The effects of personality on workplace bullying. The PsychologistManager Journal, 20(3), 123–147. https://doi.org/10.1037/mgr0000054
Wu, W.-J., Chen, C.-Y., & Chien, Y.-Y. (2018, October). Predictors of abusive supervision: Organizational identification and the role of individual difference. In ICIBE’ 18: Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Industrial and Business Engineering (pp. 109–114). Macau, Macao. https://doi.org/10.1145/3288155.3288177
Yaman, E. (2009). The validity and reliability of the mobbing scale (MS). Educational Sciences: Theory & Practice, 9(2), 981–988.
Yıldız, S. M. (2015). The relationship between bullying and burnout: An empirical investigation of Turkish professional football players. Sport, Business and Management: An International Journal, 5(1), 6–20. https://doi.org/10.1108/SBM-09-2012-0034
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