Validating DFS concept in lifecycle subway projects in China based on incident case analysis and network analysis
Abstract
Regardless of potential benefits of design for safety (DFS) concept for lifecycle safety management in construction industry, DFS adoption as an early intervention has been slower than expected. While existing research mainly concentrates on construction and operation phases, the role of design phase in construction safety management is always ignored. To validate the influence of DFS concept on lifecycle safety performance, this research conducted an incident case analysis (ICA) based on 442 cases collected from lifecycle subway projects, and a subway design-incident classification model (SDICM) was developed to help identify their relationship to DFS concept. Network theory was applied to study the interdependence of 22 subsystems obtained from China’s code for metro design in lifecycle safety performance. Research findings show 236 out of 442 accidents are linked to DFS. Compared with construction phase, operation phase is more susceptible to design work. Station Building (SB), Section Construction (SC), Platform Screen Doors (PSD), Vehicle Systems (VES) and Power Supply Systems (PSS) are identified as having the highest number of accidents. The results of network analysis are consistent with ICA and demonstrate the safety interdependence of subsystems. This research can help improve the cognizance of DFS, and the identified subsystems should be given priority in the design phase.
Keyword : safety management, design for safety (DFS), prevention through design (PTD), subway construction, incident case analysis (ICA), network analysis
How to Cite
Xiahou, X., Yuan, J., Li, Q., & Skibniewski, M. J. (2018). Validating DFS concept in lifecycle subway projects in China based on incident case analysis and network analysis. Journal of Civil Engineering and Management, 24(1), 53-66. https://doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.300
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
References
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Hollnagel, E. 2008. Risk + barriers = safety?, Safety Science 46(2): 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.028
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Krysinska, K.; De Leo, D. 2008. Suicide on railway networks: epidemiology, risk factors and prevention, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42: 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802277255
Kyriakidis, M.; Hirsch, R.; Majumdar, A. 2012. Metro railway safety: An analysis of accident precursors, Safety Science 50: 1535–1548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.004
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Lu, Y.; Li, Q.; Xiao, W. 2013. Case-based reasoning for automated safety risk analysis on subway operation: Case representation and retrieval, Safety Science 57: 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.01.020
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Martínez-Aires, M. D.; Rubio Gámez, M. C.; Gibb, A. 2015. The impact of occupational health and safety regulations on prevention through design in construction projects: Perspectives from Spain and the United Kingdom, Work 53: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152148
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Rasmussen, J. 1997. Risk management in a dynamic society: a modelling problem, Safety Science 27(2–3): 183–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00052-0
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Zhou, Z.; Goh, Y. M.; Li, Q. 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry, Safety Science 72: 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.10.006
Zhou, Z.; Irizarry, J.; Li, Q. 2014. Using network theory to explore the complexity of subway construction accident network (SCAN) for promoting safety management, Safety Science 64: 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.11.029
Zhou, Z.; Li, Q.; Wu, W. 2011. Developing a versatile subway construction incident database for safety management, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 138: 1169–1180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000518
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Zou, Y.; Kiviniemi, A.; Jones, S. W. 2017. A review of risk management through BIM and BIM-related technologies, Safety Science 97: 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.12.027
Behm, M. 2005. Linking construction fatalities to the design for construction safety concept, Safety Science 43: 589–611. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2005.04.002
Carter, G.; Smith, S. D. 2006. Safety hazard identification on construction projects, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 132: 197–205. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2006)132:2(197)
Coats, T.; Walter, D. 1999. Effect of station design on death in the London Underground: observational study, BMJ 319: 957–957. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.319.7215.957
Deng, Y.; Li, Q.; Lu, Y. 2015. A research on subway physical vulnerability based on network theory and FMECA, Safety Science 80: 127–134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.07.019
Ding, L.; Yu, H.; Li, H.; Zhou, C.; Wu, X.; Yu, M. 2012. Safety risk identification system for metro construction on the basis of construction drawings, Automation in Construction 27: 120–137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.05.010
Ding, L.; Zhou, C. 2013. Development of web-based system for safety risk early warning in urban metro construction, Automation in Construction 34: 45–55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.autcon.2012.11.001
Driscoll, T. R.; Harrison, J. E.; Bradley, C.; Newson, R. S. 2008. The role of design issues in work-related fatal injury in Australia, Journal of Safety Research 39: 209–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsr.2008.02.024
Fouracre, P.; Dunkerley, C.; Gardner, G. 2003. Mass rapid transit systems for cities in the developing world, Transport Reviews 23: 299–310. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144164032000083095
Freeman, L. C. 1977. A set of measures of centrality based on betweenness, Sociometry 40(1): 35–41. https://doi.org/10.2307/3033543
Gambatese, J. A. 1998. Liability in designing for construction worker safety, Journal of Architectural Engineering 4: 107–112. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(1998)4:3(107)
Gambatese, J. A.; Behm, M.; Hinze, J. W. 2005. Viability of designing for construction worker safety, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 131: 1029–1036. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:9(1029)
Gambatese, J. A.; Behm, M.; Rajendran, S. 2008. Design’s role in construction accident causality and prevention: Perspectives from an expert panel, Safety Science 46: 675–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.010
Gambatese, J. A.; Dunston, P. S. 2003. Designer consideration of project lifecycle performance, in Construction Research Congress: Wind of Change: Integration and Innovation, 2003, 1–8.
Gambatese, J. A.; Hinze, J. W.; Haas, C. T. 1997. Tool to design for construction worker safety, Journal of Architectural Engineering 3: 32–41. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1076-0431(1997)3:1(32)
Gambatese, J.; Hinze, J. 1999. Addressing construction worker safety in the design phase: Designing for construction worker safety, Automation in Construction 8: 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-5805(98)00109-5
Gibb, A. 2002. Safety in design: A European/UK view, in Proc. of the 12th Annual Construction Safety & Health Conference, 2002, 552–557.
Gibb, A.; Haslam, R.; Hide, S.; Gyi, D. 2004. The role of design in accident causality, in Designing for Safety and Health in Construction: Proceedings, Research and Practice Sympo¬sium. Eugene, OR: UO Press.
Hadikusumo, B.; Rowlinson, S. 2004. Capturing safety knowledge using design-for-safety-process tool, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 130: 281–289. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2004)130:2(281)
Hallowell, M. R.; Gambatese, J A. 2009. Qualitative research: Application of the Delphi method to CEM research[J], Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 136(1): 99–107. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000137
Hallowell, M. R.; Hansen, D. 2016. Measuring and improving designer hazard recognition skill: Critical competency to enable prevention through design, Safety Science 82: 254–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.09.005
Haslam, R. A.; Hide, S. A.; Gibb, A. G.; Gyi, D. E.; Pavitt, T.; Atkinson, S.; Duff, A. 2005. Contributing factors in construction accidents, Applied Ergonomics 36: 401–415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apergo.2004.12.002
Hinze, J. 1997. Construction safety[M]. Prentice Hall.
Hinze, J.; Wiegand, F. 1992. Role of designers in construction worker safety, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 118: 677–684. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(1992)118:4(677)
Hollnagel, E. 2008. Risk + barriers = safety?, Safety Science 46(2): 221–229. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2007.06.028
Karakhan, A. A.; Gambatese, J. A. 2017. Identification, quantification, and classification of potential safety risk for sustainable construction in the United States, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 143(7): 04017018. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0001302
Korman, R. 2001. Wanted: new ideas. Panel ponders ways to end accidents and health hazards, Engineering News-Record 247: 26–29.
Krysinska, K.; De Leo, D. 2008. Suicide on railway networks: epidemiology, risk factors and prevention, Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 42: 763–771. https://doi.org/10.1080/00048670802277255
Kyriakidis, M.; Hirsch, R.; Majumdar, A. 2012. Metro railway safety: An analysis of accident precursors, Safety Science 50: 1535–1548. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2012.03.004
Li, J. S.; Chow, W. 2003. Numerical studies on performance evaluation of tunnel ventilation safety systems, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 18: 435–452. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0886-7798(03)00023-3
Lopez, R.; Love, P. E.; Edwards, D. J.; Davis, P. R. 2010. Design error classification, causation, and prevention in construction engineering, Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities 24: 399–408. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CF.1943-5509.0000116
Lortie, M.; Rizzo, P. 1998. The classification of accident data, Safety Science 31: 31–57. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(98)00053-8
Lu, Y.; Hinze, J.; Li, Q. 2011. Developing fuzzy signal detection theory for workers’ hazard perception measures on subway operations, Safety Science 49: 491–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2010.11.008
Lu, Y.; Li, Q.; Xiao, W. 2013. Case-based reasoning for automated safety risk analysis on subway operation: Case representation and retrieval, Safety Science 57: 75–81. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.01.020
Mackenzie, J.; Gibb, A.; Bouchlaghem, N. 2000. Communication: the key to designing safely. European Construction Institute.
Manuele, F. A. (Ed.) 1997. On the practice of safety. 3rd ed. Willey Interscience.
Martínez-Aires, M. D.; Rubio Gámez, M. C.; Gibb, A. 2015. The impact of occupational health and safety regulations on prevention through design in construction projects: Perspectives from Spain and the United Kingdom, Work 53: 181–191. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152148
National Bureau of statistics of China. 2016. China statistical yearbook 2016.
Qi, J.; Issa, R.; Hinze, J.; Olbina, S. 2011. Integration of safety in design through the use of building information modelling, in International Workshop on Computing in Civil Engineering 2011, 19–22 June 2011, Miami, Florida, United States.
Rasmussen, J. 1997. Risk management in a dynamic society: a modelling problem, Safety Science 27(2–3): 183–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0925-7535(97)00052-0
Sabidussi, G. 1966. The centrality index of a graph, Psychometrika 31: 581–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02289527
Seo, J. W.; Choi, H. H. 2008. Risk-based safety impact assessment methodology for underground construction projects in Korea, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 134: 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2008)134:1(72)
Suraji, A.; Duff, A. R.; Peckitt, S. J. 2001. Development of causal model of construction accident causation, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 127: 337–344. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2001)127:4(337)
Swuste, P. 2008. “You will only see it, if you understand it” or occupational risk prevention from a management perspective, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing & Service Industries 18: 438–453. https://doi.org/10.1002/hfm.20101
Szymberski, R. T. 1997. Construction project safety planning, Tappi Journal, USA.
Taiebat, M.; Ku, K. 2011. Tuning up the core of hazard identification: How to improve stimulated thinking for safety in design, in Proc. of The 47th ASC Annual International Conference, 2011.
Turner, B. A. 1989. Accidents and nonrandom error propagation, Risk Analysis 9(4): 437–444. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.1989.tb01254.x
Tymvios, N.; Gambatese, J. A. 2016. Direction for generating interest for design for construction worker safety – A Delphi study, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 142: 04016024. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.000113
Wan, X.; Li, Q.; Yuan, J.; Schonfeld, P. M. 2015. Metro passenger behaviors and their relations to metro incident involvement, Accident Analysis & Prevention 82: 90–100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2015.05.015
Wang, H.-d.; Pan, K.; Jiang, F.-d. 2007. AHP-based hazards analysis of urban subway operation safety and preventive countermeasures, Journal of the China Railway Society 29(2).
Weinstein, M.; Gambatese, J.; Hecker, S. 2005. Can design improve construction safety?: Assessing the impact of a collaborative safety-in-design process, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 131: 1125–1134. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9364(2005)131:10(1125)
WorkCover. 2001. CHAIR safety in design tool (CHAIR – Construction Hazard Assessment Implication Review). Sydney, Australia.
Zhang, L.; Skibniewski, M. J.; Wu, X.; Chen, Y.; Deng, Q. 2014. A probabilistic approach for safety risk analysis in metro construction, Safety Science 63: 8–17. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.10.016
Zhang, X.; Deng, Y.; Li, Q.; Skitmore, M.; Zhou, Z. 2016. An incident database for improving metro safety: The case of Shanghai, Safety Science 84: 88–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.11.023
Zhong, M.; Shi, C.; Tu, X.; Fu, T.; He, L. 2008. Study of the human evacuation simulation of metro fire safety analysis in China, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries 21: 287–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2007.08.001
Zhou, Z.; Goh, Y. M.; Li, Q. 2015. Overview and analysis of safety management studies in the construction industry, Safety Science 72: 337–350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2014.10.006
Zhou, Z.; Irizarry, J.; Li, Q. 2014. Using network theory to explore the complexity of subway construction accident network (SCAN) for promoting safety management, Safety Science 64: 127–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2013.11.029
Zhou, Z.; Li, Q.; Wu, W. 2011. Developing a versatile subway construction incident database for safety management, Journal of Construction Engineering and Management 138: 1169–1180. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)CO.1943-7862.0000518
Zou, P. X.; Li, J. 2010. Risk identification and assessment in subway projects: case study of Nanjing Subway Line 2, Construction Management and Economics 28: 1219–1238. https://doi.org/10.1080/01446193.2010.519781
Zou, Y.; Kiviniemi, A.; Jones, S. W. 2017. A review of risk management through BIM and BIM-related technologies, Safety Science 97: 88–98. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssci.2015.12.027