Share:


Enabling technologies challenges of green Internet of Things (IoT) towards sustainable development in the era of Industry 4.0

    Lei Liu Affiliation
    ; Arunodaya Raj Mishra Affiliation

Abstract

The extensive adoption of the Internet of Things (IoT) has increased the carbon footprint on a large scale across the globe. To handle this challenge, scholars and policymakers are making efforts to propose novel energy-efficient solutions to provide a desirable environment for green-IoT (G-IoT). Additionally, further research is required to analyze the G-IoT-related challenges to elucidate the difficulties of its implementation for researchers. Moreover, the GIoT requirements have been considered in different network levels, namely software, hardware, architecture, communication. To present a comprehensive framework to identify the challenges of G-IoT, a survey using literature review and expert’s opinion is carried. Total 23 challenges are taken to evaluate and implement G-IoT technologies towards sustainable development achievements (SDA). Consequently, this article aims to rank and evaluate the challenges to implement the G-IoT towards the SDA. An integrated approach is proposed with stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and additive ratio assessment (ARAS) under Pythagorean fuzzy sets. As a result, an machine-to-machine (M2M) standardization protocol with a weight value of 0.0508 has the first rank, followed by adaptation to natural energy sources with a weight value of 0.0479, information security and privacy protection with a weight value of 0.0469, and internet protocol version-6 (IPv6) for low-end devices with weight 0.0467. To validate the proposed method, sensitivity analysis and comparison using existing methods have been conducted.


First published online 30 March 2022

Keyword : green internet of things, sustainable development, energy consumption, Pythagorean fuzzy sets, Industry 4.0, digital technologies, additive ratio assessment

How to Cite
Liu, L., & Mishra, A. R. (2024). Enabling technologies challenges of green Internet of Things (IoT) towards sustainable development in the era of Industry 4.0. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 30(2), 344–375. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2022.16520
Published in Issue
Apr 30, 2024
Abstract Views
2129
PDF Downloads
1796
Creative Commons License

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.

References

Abedin, S. F., Alam, M. G. R., Haw, R., & Hong, C. S. (2015, January). A system model for energy efficient green-IoT network. In 2015 International Conference on Information Networking (ICOIN) (pp. 177–182). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOIN.2015.7057878

Abokersh, M. H., El-Morsi, M., Sharaf, O., & Abdelrahman, W. (2017). An experimental evaluation of direct flow evacuated tube solar collector integrated with phase change material. Energy, 139, 1111–1125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2017.08.034

Adila, A. S., Husam, A., & Husi, G. (2018, April). Towards the self-powered Internet of Things (IoT) by energy harvesting: Trends and technologies for green IoT. In 2018 2nd International Symposium on Small-Scale Intelligent Manufacturing Systems (SIMS) (pp. 1–5). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/SIMS.2018.8355305

Ahmad, A., Cuomo, S., Wu, W., & Jeon, G. (2019). Intelligent algorithms and standards for interoperability in Internet of Things. Future Generation Computer Systems, 92, 1187–1191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2018.11.015

Ak, M. F., & Gul, M. (2019). AHP–TOPSIS integration extended with Pythagorean fuzzy sets for information security risk analysis. Complex & Intelligent Systems, 5(2), 113–126. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40747-018-0087-7

Albreem, M. A. M., El-Saleh, A. A., Isa, M., Salah, W., Jusoh, M., Azizan, M. M., & Ali, A. (2017, November). Green internet of things (IoT): An overview. In 2017 IEEE 4th International Conference on Smart Instrumentation, Measurement and Application (ICSIMA) (pp. 1–6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICSIMA.2017.8312021

Alipour, M., Hafezi, R., Rani, P., Hafezi, M., & Mardani, A. (2021). A new Pythagorean fuzzy-based decision-making method through entropy measure for fuel cell and hydrogen components supplier selection. Energy, 234, 121208. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2021.121208

Alrasheedi, M., Mardani, A., Mishra, A. R., Rani, P., & Loganathan, N. (2021). An extended framework to evaluate sustainable suppliers in manufacturing companies using a new Pythagorean fuzzy entropy-SWARA-WASPAS decision-making approach. Journal of Enterprise Information Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-07-2020-0263

Alsamhi, S. H., Ma, O., Ansari, M. S., & Meng, Q. (2019). Greening internet of things for greener and smarter cities: A survey and future prospects. Telecommunication Systems, 72(4), 609–632. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11235-019-00597-1

Alsharif, M. H., Kim, S., & Kuruoğlu, N. (2019). Energy harvesting techniques for wireless sensor networks/radio-frequency identification: A review. Symmetry, 11(7), 865. https://doi.org/10.3390/sym11070865

Arshad, R., Zahoor, S., Shah, M. A., Wahid, A., & Yu, H. (2017). Green IoT: An investigation on energy saving practices for 2020 and beyond. IEEE Access, 5, 15667–15681. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2017.2686092

Arya, K. V., & Gore, R. (2020). Data security for WBAN in e-health IoT applications. In A. K. Singh & M. Elhoseny (Eds.), Intelligent data security solutions for e-health applications (pp. 205–218). Academic Press. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-819511-6.00011-X

Aswale, P., Shukla, A., Bharati, P., Bharambe, S., & Palve, S. (2019). An overview of Internet of Things: Architecture, protocols and challenges. In S. Satapathy & A. Joshi (Eds.), Smart innovation, systems and technologies: Vol. 106. Information and communication technology for intelligent systems (pp. 299–308). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-1742-2_29

Atanassov, K. T. (1986). Intuitionistic fuzzy sets. Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 20(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-0114(86)80034-3

Ayoobkhan, M. U. A., Yuvaraj, D., Jayanthiladevi, A., Balamurugan, E., & ThamaraiSelvi, R. (2021). Smart connected digital products and IoT platform with the digital twin. In V. Pandian, W. Gerhard, & P. Wonsiri (Eds.), Research advancements in smart technology, optimization, and renewable energy (pp. 330–350). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-3970-5.ch016

Badawy, M. M., Ali, Z. H., & Ali, H. A. (2020). QoS provisioning framework for service-oriented internet of things (IoT). Cluster Computing, 23(2), 575–591. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-019-02945-x

Barnaghi, P., & Sheth, A. (2016). On searching the Internet of Things: Requirements and challenges. IEEE Intelligent Systems, 31(6), 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIS.2016.102

Batra, I., Verma, S., Malik, A., Kavita, Ghosh, U., Rodrigues, J. J. P. C., Nguyen, G. N., Hosen, A. S. M. S.,

& Mariappan, V. (2020). Hybrid logical security framework for privacy preservation in the Green Internet of Things. Sustainability, 12(14), 5542. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12145542

Bithi, M. H., Faisal, F., Karim, A., Azam, S., Shanmugam, B., & Lakshmiganthan, R. (2020, October). Modern tree plantation system based on IoT. In 2020 Fourth International Conference on I-SMAC (IoT in Social, Mobile, Analytics and Cloud) (I-SMAC) (pp. 25–29). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/I-SMAC49090.2020.9243492

Boretti, A., & Rosa, L. (2019). Reassessing the projections of the World Water Development Report. npj Clean Water, 2(1), 15. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41545-019-0039-9

Büyüközkan, G., & Güler, M. (2020. Smart watch evaluation with integrated hesitant fuzzy linguistic SAW-ARAS technique. Measurement, 153, 107353. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2019.107353

Cavallaro, F. (2010). Fuzzy TOPSIS approach for assessing thermal-energy storage in concentrated solar power (CSP) systems. Applied Energy, 87(2), 496–503. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2009.07.009

Collotta, M., & Pau, G. (2015). Bluetooth for Internet of Things: A fuzzy approach to improve power management in smart homes. Computers & Electrical Engineering, 44, 137–152. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2015.01.005

Conti, M., Kaliyar, P., Rabbani, M. M., & Ranise, S. (2020). Attestation-enabled secure and scalable routing protocol for IoT networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 98, 102054. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adhoc.2019.102054

Cui, Y., Liu, W., Rani, P., & Alrasheedi, M. (2021). Internet of Things (IoT) adoption barriers for the circular economy using Pythagorean fuzzy SWARA-CoCoSo decision-making approach in the manufacturing sector. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171, 120951. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120951

Dai, Y., & Lyu, L. (2020). NOMA-enabled CoMP clustering and power control for Green Internet of Things Networks. IEEE Access, 8, 90109–90117. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2992648

Dantu, R., Dissanayake, I., & Nerur, S. (2021). Exploratory analysis of Internet of Things (IoT) in healthcare: A topic modelling & co-citation approaches. Information Systems Management, 38(1), 62–78. https://doi.org/10.1080/10580530.2020.1746982

Das, S., & Mao, E. (2020). The global energy footprint of information and communication technology electronics in connected Internet-of-Things devices. Sustainable Energy, Grids and Networks, 24, 100408. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.segan.2020.100408

Doknić, V. (2014). Internet of Things greenhouse monitoring and automation system. Internet of Things: Smart Devices, Processes, Services.

Ganzha, M., Paprzycki, M., Pawłowski, W., Szmeja, P., & Wasielewska, K. (2018). Towards semantic interoperability between Internet of Things platforms. In R. Gravina, C. E. Palau, M. Manso, A. Liotta, & G. Fortino (Eds.), Integration, interconnection, and interoperability of IoT systems (pp. 103–127). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61300-0_6

Glória, A., Cercas, F., & Souto, N. (2017, September). Comparison of communication protocols for low cost Internet of Things devices. In 2017 South Eastern European Design Automation, Computer Engineering, Computer Networks and Social Media Conference (SEEDA-CECNSM) (pp. 1–6). Greece. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.23919/SEEDA-CECNSM.2017.8088226

Gomes, T., Salgado, F., Pinto, S., Cabral, J., & Tavares, A. (2018). A 6LoWPAN accelerator for Internet of Things endpoint devices. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 5(1), 371–377. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2017.2785659

Gubbi, J., Buyya, R., Marusic, S., & Palaniswami, M. (2013). Internet of Things (IoT): A vision, architectural elements, and future directions. Future Generation Computer Systems, 29(7), 1645–1660. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.future.2013.01.010

Guo, J., Chen, I.-R., & Tsai, J. J. P. (2017). A survey of trust computation models for service management in internet of things systems. Computer Communications, 97, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comcom.2016.10.012

Hahm, O., Baccelli, E., Petersen, H., & Tsiftes, N. (2016). Operating systems for low-end devices in the Internet of Things: A survey. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 3(5), 720–734. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2015.2505901

He, J., Huang, Z., Mishra, A. R., & Alrasheedi, M. (2021). Developing a new framework for conceptualizing the emerging sustainable community-based tourism using an extended interval-valued Pythagorean fuzzy SWARA-MULTIMOORA. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 171, 120955. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2021.120955

Horák, T., Šimon, M., Huraj, L., & Budjač, R. (2020). Vulnerability of Smart IoT-Based automation and control devices to cyber attacks. In R. Silhavy (Ed.), Advances in intelligent systems and computing: Vol. 1226. Applied informatics and cybernetics in intelligent systems (pp. 287–294). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51974-2_27

Hu, R. Q., & Qian, Y. (2014). An energy efficient and spectrum efficient wireless heterogeneous network framework for 5G systems. IEEE Communications Magazine, 52(5), 94–101. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2014.6815898

Iordache, M., Schitea, D., Deveci, M., Akyurt, İ. Z., & Iordache, I. (2019). An integrated ARAS and interval type-2 hesitant fuzzy sets method for underground site selection: Seasonal hydrogen storage in salt caverns. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 175, 1088–1098. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2019.01.051

Janhunen, J., Mikhaylov, K., Petäjäjärvi, J., & Sonkki, M. (2019). Wireless energy transfer powered wireless sensor node for green IoT: Design, Implementation and Evaluation. Sensors, 19(1), 90. https://doi.org/10.3390/s19010090

Jiyal, S., & Saini, R. K. (2020, November). Prediction and monitoring of air pollution using Internet of Things (IoT). In 2020 Sixth International Conference on Parallel, Distributed and Grid Computing (PDGC) (pp. 57–60). India. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/PDGC50313.2020.9315831

Karabasevic, D., Zavadskas, E. K., Turskis, Z., & Stanujkic, D. (2016). The framework for the selection of personnel based on the SWARA and ARAS methods under uncertainties. Informatica, 27(1), 49–65. https://doi.org/10.15388/Informatica.2016.76

Kersuliene, V., Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). Selection of rational dispute resolution method by applying new step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA). Journal of Business Economics and Management, 11(2), 243–258. https://doi.org/10.3846/jbem.2010.12

Lei, T., Cai, Z., & Hua, L. (2021). 5G-oriented IoT coverage enhancement and physical education resource management. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 80, 103346. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103346

Liu, P., Rani, P., & Mishra, A. R. (2021). A novel Pythagorean fuzzy combined compromise solution framework for the assessment of medical waste treatment technology. Journal of Cleaner Production, 292, 126047. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126047

Liu, X., & Ansari, N. (2019). Toward Green IoT: Energy solutions and key challenges. IEEE Communications Magazine, 57(3), 104–110. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2019.1800175

Lyu, X., Tian, H., Jiang, L., Vinel, A., Maharjan, S., Gjessing, S., & Zhang, Y. (2018). Selective offloading in mobile edge computing for the green Internet of Things. IEEE Network, 32(1), 54–60. https://doi.org/10.1109/MNET.2018.1700101

Maceli, M. (2020). Internet of Things in the archives: Novel tools for environmental monitoring of archival collections. Records Management Journal, 30(2), 201–220. https://doi.org/10.1108/RMJ-08-2019-0046

Maitra, S., Yanambaka, V. P., Puthal, D., Abdelgawad, A., & Yelamarthi, K. (2020). Integration of Internet of Things and blockchain toward portability and low-energy consumption. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, e4103. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4103

Maksimovic, M. (2018). Greening the future: Green Internet of Things (G-IoT) as a key technological enabler of sustainable development. In N. Dey, A. E. Hassanien, C. Bhatt, A. S. Ashour, & S. C. Satapathy (Eds.), Studies in Big Data: Vol. 30. Internet of Things and Big Data analytics toward next-generation intelligence (pp. 283–313). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-60435-0_12

Maksimovic, M., & Gavrilovic, Z. (2016). Connecting sciences in green: Internet of Things and Economy In ENTECH’16/IV. International Energy Technologies Conference (pp. 173–182). Istanbul, Turkey.

Maksimović, M., & Omanović-Mikličanin, E. (2017, October). Green Internet of Things and green nanotechnology role in realizing smart and sustainable agriculture. In VIII International Scientific Agriculture Symposium “AGROSYM 2017” (pp. 2290–2295). Jahorina, Bosnia and Herzegovina. University of East Sarajevo.

Mardani, A., Saraji, M. K., Mishra, A. R., & Rani, P. (2020). A novel extended approach under hesitant fuzzy sets to design a framework for assessing the key challenges of digital health interventions adoption during the COVID-19 outbreak. Applied Soft Computing, 96, 106613. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.asoc.2020.106613

Masnadi, M. S., Grace, J. R., Bi, X. T., Lim, C. J., & Ellis, N. (2015). From fossil fuels towards renewables: Inhibitory and catalytic effects on carbon thermochemical conversion during co-gasification of biomass with fossil fuels. Applied Energy, 140, 196–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2014.12.006

Mishra A. R., Rani, P., & Saha, A. (2021). Single-valued neutrosophic similarity measure-based additive ratio assessment framework for optimal site selection of electric vehicle charging station. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 36(10), 5573–5604. https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22523

Murugesan, S. (2008). Harnessing green IT: Principles and practices. IT Professional, 10(1), 24–33. https://doi.org/10.1109/MITP.2008.10

Nandyala, C., & Kim, H.-K. (2016). Green IoT Agriculture and Healthcare Application (GAHA). International Journal of Smart Home, 10(4), 289–300. https://doi.org/10.14257/ijsh.2016.10.4.26

Ning, H., Zhen, Z., Shi, F., & Daneshmand, M. (2020). A Survey of identity modeling and identity addressing in Internet of Things. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 7(6), 4697–4710. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2020.2971773

Niu, Z. (2020). Green communication and networking: A new horizon. IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 4(3), 629–630. https://doi.org/10.1109/TGCN.2020.3014754

Noori, D., Shakeri, H., & Niazi Torshiz, M. (2020). Scalable, efficient, and secure RFID with elliptic curve cryptosystem for Internet of Things in healthcare environment. EURASIP Journal on Information Security, 2020(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13635-020-00114-x

Ozturk, A., Umit, K., Medeni, I. T., Ucuncu, B., Caylan, M., Akba, F., Medeni, T. D. (2011). Green ICT (Information and Communication Technologies): A review of academic and practitioner perspectives. International Journal of eBusiness and eGovernment Studies, 3(1), 1–16.

Peng, X., & Yang, Y. (2015). Some results for Pythagorean fuzzy sets. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 30(11), 1133–1160. https://doi.org/10.1002/int.21738

Popli, S., Jha, R. K., & Jain, S. (2019). A survey on energy efficient narrowband Internet of Things (NBIoT): Architecture, application and challenges. IEEE Access, 7, 16739–16776. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2018.2881533

Prasad, R., & Rohokale, V. (2020). Internet of Things (IoT) and Machine to Machine (M2M) communication. In R. Prasad & V. Rohokale (Eds.), Cyber security: The lifeline of information and communication technology (pp. 125–141). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-31703-4_9

Prasad, R., Ohmori, S., & Simunic, D. (2010). Towards green ICT. River Publishers.

Puška, A., Stojanović, I., & Maksimović, A. (2019). Evaluation of sustainable rural tourism potential in Brcko district of Bosnia and Herzegovina using multi-criteria analysis. Operational Research in Engineering Sciences: Theory and Applications, 2(2), 40–54.

Rachedi, A., Rehmani, M. H., Cherkaoui, S., & Rodrigues, J. J. P. C. (2016). IEEE Access special section editorial: The plethora of research in Internet of Things (IoT). IEEE Access, 4, 9575–9579. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2016.2647499

Rani, P., Mishra, A. R., & Pardasani, K. R. (2020). A novel WASPAS approach for multi-criteria physician selection problem with intuitionistic fuzzy type-2 sets. Soft Computing, 24, 2355–2367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00500-019-04065-5

Rani, P., Mishra, A. R., Saha, A., & Pamucar, D. (2021). Pythagorean fuzzy weighted discrimination‐based approximation approach to the assessment of sustainable bioenergy technologies for agricultural residues. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 36(6), 2964–2990. https://doi.org/10.1002/int.22408

Rani, S., Talwar, R., Malhotra, J., Ahmed, S. H., Sarkar, M., & Song, H. (2015). A novel scheme for an energy efficient Internet of Things based on wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 15(11), 28603–28626. https://doi.org/10.3390/s151128603

Raut, N. B., & Dhanya, N. M. (2020). A green dynamic Internet of Things (IoT)-battery powered things aspect-survey. In M. Pant, T. Kumar Sharma, R. Arya, B. Sahana, & H. Zolfagharinia (Eds.), Advances in intelligent systems and computing: Vol. 1154. Soft computing: Theories and applications (pp. 153–163). Springer Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4032-5_16

Safa, N. S., Mitchell, F., Maple, C., Azad, M. A., & Dabbagh, M. (2020). Privacy Enhancing Technologies (PETs) for connected vehicles in smart cities. Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, e4173. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4173

Safara, F., Souri, A., Baker, T., Al Ridhawi, I., & Aloqaily, M. (2020). PriNergy: A priority-based energy-efficient routing method for IoT systems. The Journal of Supercomputing, 76(11), 8609–8626. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11227-020-03147-8

Said, O., Al-Makhadmeh, Z., & Tolba, A. (2020). EMS: An energy management scheme for Green IoT Environments. IEEE Access, 8, 44983–44998. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2976641

Salam, A. (2020). Internet of Things for environmental sustainability and climate change. Internet of Things for sustainable community development: Wireless communications, sensing, and systems (pp. 33–69). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35291-2_2

Saraji, M. K., Mardani, A., Köppen, M., Mishra, A R., & Rani, P. (2021). An extended hesitant fuzzy set using SWARA-MULTIMOORA approach to adapt online education for the control of the pandemic spread of COVID-19 in higher education institutions. Artificial Intelligence Review, 55, 181–206. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-021-10029-9

Senthilkumar, R., Venkatakrishnan, P., & Balaji, N. (2020). Intelligent based novel embedded system based IoT enabled air pollution monitoring system. Microprocessors and Microsystems, 77, 103172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2020.103172

Serra, J., Pubill, D., & Verikoukis, C. (2020). Power consumption minimization of Wireless Sensor Networks in the Internet of Things era. In W. D. van Driel, O. Pyper, & C. Schumann (Eds.), Sensor systems simulations: From concept to solution (pp. 201–226). Springer International Publishing, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16577-2_7

Shaikh, F. K., Zeadally, S., & Exposito, E. (2017). Enabling technologies for Green Internet of Things. IEEE Systems Journal, 11(2), 983–994. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2015.2415194

Shan, H., Peterson III, J., Hathorn, S., & Mohammadi, S. (2018). The RFID connection: RFID technology for sensing and the Internet of Things. IEEE Microwave Magazine, 19(7), 63–79. https://doi.org/10.1109/MMM.2018.2863439

Sobreira, P. de L., Abijaude, J. W., Viana, H. D. G., Santiago, L. M. S., Guemhioui, K. E., Wahab, O. A., & Greve, F. (2020). IoTalho: IoT advancing learning from high-tech objects. In 2020 IEEE World Conference on Engineering Education (EDUNINE) (pp. 1–6). Bogota, Colombia. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUNINE48860.2020.9149530

Solanki, A., & Nayyar, A. (2019). Green Internet of Things (G-IoT): ICT technologies, principles, applications, projects, and challenges. In G. Kaur & P. Tomar (Eds.), Handbook of research on Big Data and the IoT (pp. 379–405). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7432-3.ch021

Stanujkic, D. (2015). Extension of the ARAS method for decision-making problems with interval-valued triangular fuzzy numbers. Informatica, 26(2), 335–355. https://doi.org/10.15388/Informatica.2015.51

Sukjaimuk, R., Nguyen, Q. N., & Sato, T. (2018). A smart congestion control mechanism for the Green IoT sensor-enabled Information-Centric Networking. Sensors, 18(9), 2889. https://doi.org/10.3390/s18092889

Sun, X., Yu, L., & Yang, Y. (2021). Jointly optimizing user clustering, power management, and wireless channel allocation for NOMA-based Internet of Things. Digital Communications and Networks, 7(1), 29–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2020.10.003

Tabaa, M., Monteiro, F., Bensag, H., & Dandache, A. (2020). Green Industrial Internet of Things from a smart industry perspectives. Energy Reports, 6(Suppl. 6), 430–446. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egyr.2020.09.022

Thota, P., & Kim, Y. (2016, December). Implementation and comparison of M2M protocols for Internet of Things. In 2016 4th International Conference on Applied Computing and Information Technology/3rd International Conference on Computational Science/Intelligence and Applied Informatics/1st Intl Conf on Big Data, Cloud Computing, Data Science & Engineering (ACIT-CSII-BCD) (pp. 43–48). Las Vegas, NV, USA. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACIT-CSII-BCD.2016.021

Turskis, Z., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2010a). A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multicriteria decision-making. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.10

Turskis, Z., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2010b). A novel method for multiple criteria analysis: Grey additive ratio assessment (ARAS-G) method. Informatica, 21(4), 597–610. https://doi.org/10.15388/Informatica.2010.307

Tuysuz, M. F., & Trestian, R. (2020). From serendipity to sustainable green IoT: Technical, industrial and political perspective. Computer Networks, 182, 107469. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.comnet.2020.107469

Uddin, M., & Rahman, A. A. (2012). Energy efficiency and low carbon enabler green IT framework for data centers considering green metrics. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 16(6), 4078–4094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2012.03.014

Ullah, F., Al-Turjman, F., & Nayyar, A. (2020). IoT-based green city architecture using secured and sustainable android services. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 20, 101091. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2020.101091

Varga, E., Blagojević, B., & Mijić, D. (2018, September). Composing Internet of Things platforms in smart grid. MATEC Web of Conferences, 208, 02007. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201820802007

Varjovi, A. E., & Babaie, S. (2020). Green Internet of Things (GIoT): Vision, applications and research challenges. Sustainable Computing: Informatics and Systems, 28, 100448. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.suscom.2020.100448

Vidas-Bubanja, M. (2014, May). Implementation of green ICT for sustainable economic development. In 2014 37th International Convention on Information and Communication Technology, Electronics and Microelectronics (MIPRO) (pp. 1592–1597). Opatija, Croatia. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/MIPRO.2014.6859819

Vong, C., Wong, P., Ma, Z., & Wong, K. (2014, March). Application of RFID technology and the maximum spanning tree algorithm for solving vehicle emissions in cities on Internet of Things. In 2014 IEEE World Forum on Internet of Things (WF-IoT) (pp. 347–352). Seoul, Korea. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/WF-IoT.2014.6803186

Vong, C., Wong, P., Wong, K., & Ma, Z. (2013, December). Inspection and control of vehicle emissions through Internet of Things and traffic lights. In 2013 International Conference on Connected Vehicles and Expo (ICCVE) (pp. 863–868). Las Vegas, NV, USA. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCVE.2013.6799917

Vrtagić, S., Softić, E., Subotić, M., Stević, Ž., Dordevic, M., & Ponjavic, M. (2021). Ranking road sections based on MCDM model: New improved fuzzy SWARA (IMF SWARA). Axioms, 10(2), 92. https://doi.org/10.3390/axioms10020092

Wang, H.-I. (2014). Constructing the Green Campus within the Internet of Things architecture. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks, 10(3), 804627. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/804627

Wang, Y., Chen, C., & Jiang, Q. (2019). Security algorithm of Internet of Things based on ZigBee protocol. Cluster Computing, 22(6), 14759–14766. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10586-018-2388-4

Yager, R. R. (2013, June). Pythagorean fuzzy subsets. In 2013 Joint IFSA World Congress and NAFIPS Annual Meeting (IFSA/NAFIPS) (pp. 57–61). Edmonton, AB, Canada. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/IFSA-NAFIPS.2013.6608375

Yager, R. R. (2014). Pythagorean membership grades in multicriteria decision making. IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems, 22(4), 958–965. https://doi.org/10.1109/TFUZZ.2013.2278989

Yang, W., Huang, H., Jing, X., Li, Z., & Zhu, C. (2020). Social interaction assisted resource sharing scheme for Device-to-Device communication towards Green Internet of Things. IEEE Access, 8, 71652–71661. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2986785

Yanık, S., Sürer, Ö., & Öztayşi, B. (2016). Designing sustainable energy regions using genetic algorithms and location-allocation approach. Energy, 97, 161–172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2015.12.116

Zavadskas, E. K., & Turskis, Z. (2010). A new additive ratio assessment (ARAS) method in multicriteria decision-making. Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 16(2), 159–172. https://doi.org/10.3846/tede.2010.10

Zemrane, H., Baddi, Y., & Hasbi, A. (2018, October). Comparison between IOT protocols: ZigBee and WiFi using the OPNET simulator. In Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Intelligent Systems: Theories and Applications. Rabat, Morocco. Association for Computing Machinery. https://doi.org/10.1145/3289402.3289522

Zeng, S. (2017). Pythagorean fuzzy multiattribute group decision making with probabilistic information and OWA approach. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 32(11), 1136–1150. https://doi.org/10.1002/int.21886

Zhang, C., Dong, M., & Ota, K. (2020). Enabling computational intelligence for Green Internet of Things: Data-driven adaptation in LPWA networking. IEEE Computational Intelligence Magazine, 15(1), 32–43. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCI.2019.2954642

Zhang, R., Wang, M., Shen, X., & Xie, L. (2016). Probabilistic analysis on QoS provisioning for Internet of Things in LTE-A heterogeneous networks with partial spectrum usage. IEEE Internet of Things Journal, 3(3), 354–365. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2015.2496161

Zhang, X., & Xu, Z. (2014). Extension of TOPSIS to multiple criteria decision making with Pythagorean fuzzy sets. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, 29(12), 1061–1078. https://doi.org/10.1002/int.21676

Zhu, B., Zhang, W., Du, J., Zhou, W., Qiu, T., & Li, Q. (2011). Adoption of renewable energy technologies (RETs): A survey on rural construction in China. Technology in Society, 33(3), 223–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2011.09.002

Zhu, C., Leung, V. C. M., Shu, L., & Ngai, E. C. (2015). Green Internet of Things for smart world. IEEE Access, 3, 2151–2162. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2015.2497312

Zhukovskiy, Y., Batueva, D., Buldysko, A., & Shabalov, M. (2019). Motivation towards energy saving by means of IoT personal energy manager platform. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1333(6), 062033. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1333/6/062033